ABSTRACT
This study focused on the impact of teacher quality on the academic performance of Primary schools Pupil in Katsina State. Teacher quality here implies teacher qualification, teacher experience and workshop, seminar and conferences attendance. Three objectives, research questions and hypotheses each were established, raised and formulated. The study adopted surveying method and a total of seventy teachers and three-hundred fifty pupils were involved. Two instruments were structural questionnaire and achievement test administered for the teacher and pupils respectively. The finding of the study revealed that, teacher experience, qualification, workshop, seminar and conference attendance significantly affected pupils‟ performance in social studies leading to the rejection of all the three null hypotheses. Based on the finding, the study revealed that teacher‟s qualification significantly affected pupils‟ academic performance. It is recommended that experience teacher with requisite qualification and regular attendance of workshops, seminars and conferences be given priority. The study recommended that workshops, seminars be organized on regular basis to enable social studies teachers keep abreast with contemporary happening in their areas of specialization. In addition, in-service training should be provided for social studies teachers.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Teaching is made up of several components of different dimensions such as the teacher, the pupils, the curriculum, the teaching method and instructional materials. Therefore, teacher qualities are the different components involved in the teaching and learning of social studies; importance of learning social studies.
With the above definition therefore, this study intends to investigate the impact of teacher qualities on the academic performance of primary school pupils in Social
Studies using two instruments: the teachers‟ questionnaire and a paper and pencil test for the pupils.
The major development associated with the National Policy on Education NPE (2008) is the pride of place it has given to Social Studies. The policy regards this subject as a compulsory core subject area which all pupils at Primary schools cannot dispense with in their learning activities. Very importantly the policy endorsed that, the teaching of Social Studies in our Primary schools must be seen as one of those avenues of establishing strong basis for the production of effective citizens and of foregoing a cohesive society that will support the notion of the nation building.
The above statement implies not only a perception of the Social Studies education in terms of understanding on human relationship, but also in terms of its aims at producing citizens with skills, competencies, moral values and reasoned judgment to effectively live, interact, interrelate and contribute positively to the economic, social and political development of Nigerian Society.
According to Okobiah (1999) to achieve these objectives in Social Studies education, the teachers involved in this task must implore qualified, well experienced and well attended workshop, seminars and conferences organized for social studies teachers. However for the current practice in Social Studies education to be vital and valid within classroom context, it must be made operational by the teacher through qualification and teaching experience, aims and objectives, curriculum context, methodology, instructional materials, resources and evaluation procedure/processes.
For the diversified curriculum structures of social studies to be delivered by the professional teachers successfully, Social studies as a discipline must integrate the divergent and contemporary issues in Nigerian school curriculum. However it is generally accepted fact that Social Studies education stresses societal goals with man and his socio-economic and political environment as the focal point. Social Studies is an integrated discipline aimed at solving the complex and diversified problems of man in totality.
Dubey et al (1980) stresses that it is the hope of Social Studies that knowledge, attitude and skills obtained in the process of studying will have transfer value to the lives of children so that the decision they make as mature citizens would be useful to themselves and to the whole society. Social Studies education was therefore recommended for implementation nationally in 1969 at National Curriculum Conference.
For the reorganization and reshaping of the core curricula to achieve its desirable social as well as economic goals it has naturally become the primary concern of African countries to reflect the self needs of their societies and this is where social studies came in. At the time it was introduced, concerted efforts were made by some associations, such as
Social Studies Association of Nigeria (SOSAN) and governmental bodies such as the Nigerian Educational Research Development Council (NERDC) to get it well established along with other traditional subjects in the school curriculum. Also seminars, workshops and conferences were convened where papers were presented and discussed. As such, the teaching and learning of Social Studies was made compulsory at the school levels of education system. This was the attempt to achieve the national goals and objectives.
Ogunsanya (1984) also indicated that “the experience of many countries of the world where Social Studies has been introduced into the school curriculum has shown that such countries were initially motivated to do so by the felt need to get rid of certain social vices plugging their countries and which they believed social studies contributed in eliminating”.
Okam (2002) explained that Social Studies is not only concerned with the controls imposed on our lives by political institutions, but also the fostering and improvement of human relations through better understanding of others both at home and abroad. It is also devoted to the basic Social institutions and the relationships of the Nigerian polity to those organized bodies that shaped our behaviour in so many ways. The discipline of Social Studies has assumed a major dimension in the sphere of curriculum development in Nigeria.
Joof (1991) pointed out that the inability of Geography and History to prepare the citizens for their effective living in an increasingly complex world has been one of the circumstances that induced the introduction of Social Studies in the school curriculum.
Ogundare 1984, Agbole 1985, Adeyoyin and Okam 1988) which agreed that an effective classroom dispensation of Social Studies can create a strong basis for inculcating attitudes favorable for sound social development of youths. Also there is a consensus in these findings associated with these studies that, the teaching and learning of social studies can contribute to an acquisition and sustenance of desirable attributes characteristic of effective citizenry with a given democratic framework such as Nigeria.
As a Social Studies teacher and scholar, the researcher observed through experiences for many years that teachers teaching Social Studies are not well qualified in employing and exploring the method of teaching Social Studies instruction which has resulted to pupil‟s negative perceptions and poor performance. As such it is against this background, therefore that the researcher was motivated to carry out an investigation in order to find out the impact of teacher quality on the academic performance of primary school pupils in social studies. There is the need for teachers to use various teaching methods aimed at enhancing effective classroom management and control instead of using one single method which will lead to monotony and loss of interest from the learners.
1.2. Statement of the Problem
With the introduction of Social Studies education in the Nigerian educational system in 1969 at National Curriculum Conference which made social studies to be a core course or subject at the primary and Primary schools level, Dubey and Barth (1977) conceptualized Social Studies as a process of education which utilizes the study of human life for the purposes of given children and adult the opportunity to practice and solve individual and societal problems. Therefore Social Studies as a subject should enable young people to understand their own complex industrial world. Social Studies is a subject that deals with the comprehensive study of man in relation to his social and physical environments and he deliberately applied science and technology in order to make the society a better place to live. It is observed that, there are multidimensional or multi-various teaching qualities such as, qualification, in-service training and experiences in teaching
Social Studies affect the pupil‟s academic performance in Primary schools in Katsina State. .
The problem of teaching and learning of Social Studies in Primary schools is of colossal magnitude which this study attempts to analyze, because the National Policy on Education (NPE, 2004) identified Social Studies as an integrated subject which pupils must undergo at Primary school level to prepare them for social science based courses at Senior Secondary Schools (S.S.S.). However, for the subject to be fully appreciated by the pupils and to have higher performance in the subject the researcher feels that there is a need for using teacher quality, experience and teachers attendance of workshops, seminars and conferences to measure the performance of primary school pupils in Social Studies.
1.4. Objective of the Study
The research study aimed to investigate the impact of teacher quality as variables on the academic performance of Primary school pupils in social studies in Katsina State. The present study sets out to achieve the following objectives:
- To find out whether teachers‟ qualification affects Primary school
academic performance in Katsina state.
- Whether teachers‟ experience in teaching affects Junior Secondary pupils‟
academic performance in Social Studies, in Katsina state
- Whether teacher attending workshops, seminars and conferences affect Junior
Secondary School Pupils‟ academic performance in Social Studies in the state.
1.5. Research Questions
The study attempts to find out answers to the following questions:
- Does teachers‟ qualification affect primary school pupil‟s academic performance in Social Studies in Katsina state?
- Does teacher‟s experience affect primary school pupils‟ performance in Social Studies in Katsina State?
- Do teacher‟s training/attendance of workshops, seminars and conferences
affects primary school pupils‟ academic performance in Social Studies in the state?
1.6. Research Hypotheses
Based on the above research questions, the researcher stated the following as the research hypotheses:
Ho1 There is no significant relationship between the teachers‟ academic qualification and pupil‟s academic performance in Social Studies in Primary school pupils in Katsina State.
Ho2. There is no significance relationship between the teachers‟ teaching experience and their pupils‟ academic performance in Social Studies in Katsina state.
Ho3 There is no significant relationship between teachers attendance of workshop/seminar/conferences and pupils‟ academic performance in Social Studies.
1.7. Significance of the Study
This research is significant in the area of Social Studies Education for the fact that its findings will contribute immensely to researchers, teachers, curriculum planners and educational administrators. Above all it will serve to improve the teaching of the subject and a better pupil‟s academic performance in social studies in the state.
The finding of the study will help and emphasise to the Social Studies teachers to further their education to a high standard, that is from NCE level up to PhD level, so that to foster learning and improve pupils‟ academic performance in the subject. The research will also help to generate more researches as related to teacher quality as they relate to Social Studies. It will also serve to encourage the researchers to research more of teaching qualities in the improvement of teaching and pupils academic performance in Social Studies. It will be of help to curriculum planners in the sense that, the importance of teacher as a teaching variables and the teaching of Social Studies and improvement in the pupils‟ academic performance will serve as suggestions so that when they are reviewing the Social Studies curriculum every topic should be accompanied with suggested teaching qualities experienced in employing teachers to teach social studies. Finally, it will help the educational administrators in the sense that it will highlight the need for the provision of sending the social studies teachers to further their education, and they should be sponsored by the government. It will also serve to highlight the needs for administrators to encourage and support teachers to be attending seminars, conferences, and workshops on social studies.
It will also serve to educational inspectors to encourage Social Studies teachers to be using suitable teaching method and suitable instructional materials to be used and their improvisation in the teaching of the subject.
1.8. The Scope of the study
This study is restricted to Government Primary schools in Katsina State and it will only focus on “impact of teacher quality on the academic Performance of Primary school Pupils in Social Studies in with particular attention to Social Studies teachers. This scope is cumulatively built upon the fact that the study seeks to justify the academic performance of primary school pupils with regard to the availability of qualified social studies teachers, sufficient social studies teachers, experience social studies teachers and furthering of their education from national certificate in education (NCE) to PhD degree level so that to improved the teaching of the subject in the state.
The study will only cover some selected secondary school from the three senatorial zones that has seven educational zones. In which two schools will be selected to make the total of fourteen primary schools. The seven educational zones are:
Daura Educational Zone
Dutsin –ma Educational Zone
Funtua Educational Zone
Katsina Educational Zone
Kankia Educational Zone
Malumfashi Educational Zone
Mani Educational Zone
The research covers the period between 2013 and 2014 and was equally delimited to the use of structured questionnaire as the instrument for data collection and a test will be given to the pupils, and the statistics used for the data analysis were percentage and T-test.
THE IMPACT OF TEACHERS QUALITY ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PUPILS
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IMPACT OF TEACHER QUALITY ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SOCIAL STUDIES.DOC
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IMPACT OF TEACHER QUALITY ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SOCIAL STUDIES.DOC
ABSTRACT
This study focused on the impact of teacher quality on the academic performance of Primary schools Pupil in Katsina State. Teacher quality here implies teacher qualification, teacher experience and workshop, seminar and conferences attendance. Three objectives, research questions and hypotheses each were established, raised and formulated. The study adopted surveying method and a total of seventy teachers and three-hundred fifty pupils were involved. Two instruments were structural questionnaire and achievement test administered for the teacher and pupils respectively. The finding of the study revealed that, teacher experience, qualification, workshop, seminar and conference attendance significantly affected pupils‟ performance in social studies leading to the rejection of all the three null hypotheses. Based on the finding, the study revealed that teacher‟s qualification significantly affected pupils‟ academic performance. It is recommended that experience teacher with requisite qualification and regular attendance of workshops, seminars and conferences be given priority. The study recommended that workshops, seminars be organized on regular basis to enable social studies teachers keep abreast with contemporary happening in their areas of specialization. In addition, in-service training should be provided for social studies teachers.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Teaching is made up of several components of different dimensions such as the teacher, the pupils, the curriculum, the teaching method and instructional materials. Therefore, teacher qualities are the different components involved in the teaching and learning of social studies; importance of learning social studies.
With the above definition therefore, this study intends to investigate the impact of teacher qualities on the academic performance of primary school pupils in Social
Studies using two instruments: the teachers‟ questionnaire and a paper and pencil test for the pupils.
The major development associated with the National Policy on Education NPE (2008) is the pride of place it has given to Social Studies. The policy regards this subject as a compulsory core subject area which all pupils at Primary schools cannot dispense with in their learning activities. Very importantly the policy endorsed that, the teaching of Social Studies in our Primary schools must be seen as one of those avenues of establishing strong basis for the production of effective citizens and of foregoing a cohesive society that will support the notion of the nation building.
The above statement implies not only a perception of the Social Studies education in terms of understanding on human relationship, but also in terms of its aims at producing citizens with skills, competencies, moral values and reasoned judgment to effectively live, interact, interrelate and contribute positively to the economic, social and political development of Nigerian Society.
According to Okobiah (1999) to achieve these objectives in Social Studies education, the teachers involved in this task must implore qualified, well experienced and well attended workshop, seminars and conferences organized for social studies teachers. However for the current practice in Social Studies education to be vital and valid within classroom context, it must be made operational by the teacher through qualification and teaching experience, aims and objectives, curriculum context, methodology, instructional materials, resources and evaluation procedure/processes.
For the diversified curriculum structures of social studies to be delivered by the professional teachers successfully, Social studies as a discipline must integrate the divergent and contemporary issues in Nigerian school curriculum. However it is generally accepted fact that Social Studies education stresses societal goals with man and his socio-economic and political environment as the focal point. Social Studies is an integrated discipline aimed at solving the complex and diversified problems of man in totality.
Dubey et al (1980) stresses that it is the hope of Social Studies that knowledge, attitude and skills obtained in the process of studying will have transfer value to the lives of children so that the decision they make as mature citizens would be useful to themselves and to the whole society. Social Studies education was therefore recommended for implementation nationally in 1969 at National Curriculum Conference.
For the reorganization and reshaping of the core curricula to achieve its desirable social as well as economic goals it has naturally become the primary concern of African countries to reflect the self needs of their societies and this is where social studies came in. At the time it was introduced, concerted efforts were made by some associations, such as
Social Studies Association of Nigeria (SOSAN) and governmental bodies such as the Nigerian Educational Research Development Council (NERDC) to get it well established along with other traditional subjects in the school curriculum. Also seminars, workshops and conferences were convened where papers were presented and discussed. As such, the teaching and learning of Social Studies was made compulsory at the school levels of education system. This was the attempt to achieve the national goals and objectives.
Ogunsanya (1984) also indicated that “the experience of many countries of the world where Social Studies has been introduced into the school curriculum has shown that such countries were initially motivated to do so by the felt need to get rid of certain social vices plugging their countries and which they believed social studies contributed in eliminating”.
Okam (2002) explained that Social Studies is not only concerned with the controls imposed on our lives by political institutions, but also the fostering and improvement of human relations through better understanding of others both at home and abroad. It is also devoted to the basic Social institutions and the relationships of the Nigerian polity to those organized bodies that shaped our behaviour in so many ways. The discipline of Social Studies has assumed a major dimension in the sphere of curriculum development in Nigeria.
Joof (1991) pointed out that the inability of Geography and History to prepare the citizens for their effective living in an increasingly complex world has been one of the circumstances that induced the introduction of Social Studies in the school curriculum.
Ogundare 1984, Agbole 1985, Adeyoyin and Okam 1988) which agreed that an effective classroom dispensation of Social Studies can create a strong basis for inculcating attitudes favorable for sound social development of youths. Also there is a consensus in these findings associated with these studies that, the teaching and learning of social studies can contribute to an acquisition and sustenance of desirable attributes characteristic of effective citizenry with a given democratic framework such as Nigeria.
As a Social Studies teacher and scholar, the researcher observed through experiences for many years that teachers teaching Social Studies are not well qualified in employing and exploring the method of teaching Social Studies instruction which has resulted to pupil‟s negative perceptions and poor performance. As such it is against this background, therefore that the researcher was motivated to carry out an investigation in order to find out the impact of teacher quality on the academic performance of primary school pupils in social studies. There is the need for teachers to use various teaching methods aimed at enhancing effective classroom management and control instead of using one single method which will lead to monotony and loss of interest from the learners.
1.2. Statement of the Problem
With the introduction of Social Studies education in the Nigerian educational system in 1969 at National Curriculum Conference which made social studies to be a core course or subject at the primary and Primary schools level, Dubey and Barth (1977) conceptualized Social Studies as a process of education which utilizes the study of human life for the purposes of given children and adult the opportunity to practice and solve individual and societal problems. Therefore Social Studies as a subject should enable young people to understand their own complex industrial world. Social Studies is a subject that deals with the comprehensive study of man in relation to his social and physical environments and he deliberately applied science and technology in order to make the society a better place to live. It is observed that, there are multidimensional or multi-various teaching qualities such as, qualification, in-service training and experiences in teaching
Social Studies affect the pupil‟s academic performance in Primary schools in Katsina State. .
The problem of teaching and learning of Social Studies in Primary schools is of colossal magnitude which this study attempts to analyze, because the National Policy on Education (NPE, 2004) identified Social Studies as an integrated subject which pupils must undergo at Primary school level to prepare them for social science based courses at Senior Secondary Schools (S.S.S.). However, for the subject to be fully appreciated by the pupils and to have higher performance in the subject the researcher feels that there is a need for using teacher quality, experience and teachers attendance of workshops, seminars and conferences to measure the performance of primary school pupils in Social Studies.
1.4. Objective of the Study
The research study aimed to investigate the impact of teacher quality as variables on the academic performance of Primary school pupils in social studies in Katsina State. The present study sets out to achieve the following objectives:
academic performance in Katsina state.
academic performance in Social Studies, in Katsina state
Secondary School Pupils‟ academic performance in Social Studies in the state.
1.5. Research Questions
The study attempts to find out answers to the following questions:
affects primary school pupils‟ academic performance in Social Studies in the state?
1.6. Research Hypotheses
Based on the above research questions, the researcher stated the following as the research hypotheses:
Ho1 There is no significant relationship between the teachers‟ academic qualification and pupil‟s academic performance in Social Studies in Primary school pupils in Katsina State.
Ho2. There is no significance relationship between the teachers‟ teaching experience and their pupils‟ academic performance in Social Studies in Katsina state.
Ho3 There is no significant relationship between teachers attendance of workshop/seminar/conferences and pupils‟ academic performance in Social Studies.
1.7. Significance of the Study
This research is significant in the area of Social Studies Education for the fact that its findings will contribute immensely to researchers, teachers, curriculum planners and educational administrators. Above all it will serve to improve the teaching of the subject and a better pupil‟s academic performance in social studies in the state.
The finding of the study will help and emphasise to the Social Studies teachers to further their education to a high standard, that is from NCE level up to PhD level, so that to foster learning and improve pupils‟ academic performance in the subject. The research will also help to generate more researches as related to teacher quality as they relate to Social Studies. It will also serve to encourage the researchers to research more of teaching qualities in the improvement of teaching and pupils academic performance in Social Studies. It will be of help to curriculum planners in the sense that, the importance of teacher as a teaching variables and the teaching of Social Studies and improvement in the pupils‟ academic performance will serve as suggestions so that when they are reviewing the Social Studies curriculum every topic should be accompanied with suggested teaching qualities experienced in employing teachers to teach social studies. Finally, it will help the educational administrators in the sense that it will highlight the need for the provision of sending the social studies teachers to further their education, and they should be sponsored by the government. It will also serve to highlight the needs for administrators to encourage and support teachers to be attending seminars, conferences, and workshops on social studies.
It will also serve to educational inspectors to encourage Social Studies teachers to be using suitable teaching method and suitable instructional materials to be used and their improvisation in the teaching of the subject.
1.8. The Scope of the study
This study is restricted to Government Primary schools in Katsina State and it will only focus on “impact of teacher quality on the academic Performance of Primary school Pupils in Social Studies in with particular attention to Social Studies teachers. This scope is cumulatively built upon the fact that the study seeks to justify the academic performance of primary school pupils with regard to the availability of qualified social studies teachers, sufficient social studies teachers, experience social studies teachers and furthering of their education from national certificate in education (NCE) to PhD degree level so that to improved the teaching of the subject in the state.
The study will only cover some selected secondary school from the three senatorial zones that has seven educational zones. In which two schools will be selected to make the total of fourteen primary schools. The seven educational zones are:
Daura Educational Zone
Dutsin –ma Educational Zone
Funtua Educational Zone
Katsina Educational Zone
Kankia Educational Zone
Malumfashi Educational Zone
Mani Educational Zone
The research covers the period between 2013 and 2014 and was equally delimited to the use of structured questionnaire as the instrument for data collection and a test will be given to the pupils, and the statistics used for the data analysis were percentage and T-test.
THE IMPACT OF TEACHERS QUALITY ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PUPILS
Attached Files
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