CHALLENGES IN MANAGEMENT OF HOSTEL ACCOMMODATION. (A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC ADO-EKITI)
ABSTRACT
The study investigated the challenges in management of student hostel accomodation in the Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti. The population of the study comprised students of the institution that had accomodation in the hostels provided by the school and staff in charge of managing the hostel environment also known as “porters”.
The major findings showed that inadequate hostel accommodation, overcrowding, location of hostel very far from classroom area, inadequate supply of social amenities, inadequate toilets facilities, poor sanitation and dilapidated hostel building constitutes part of the challenges in managing students’ hostel accommodation problem in the Federal Polytechnic. Poor hostel accommodation have a negative implication on the academic performance of students.. Among the recommendation were school authority in collaboration with government should endeavour to build more hostel for students, school management and the government should endeavour to repair dilapidated hostel buildings, students have the responsibility of keeping the hostel clean.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page…………………………………………………………….i
Certification……………………………………………….....ii
Dedication ……………………….…………………….iii
Acknowledgment………...………..………..........iv
Abstract…………………………………….….....….. v
Table of Contents……………...……………………………..vi
List of Tables………………….…………………………….........x
List of Figures…………………………………………..xi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study .................................................................. 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem ..................................................................4
1.3 Research Questions ............................................................................5
1.4 Aims and Objective……..…………………..……………………….5
1.5 Scope of the Study……..................................................................6
1.6 Limitation of the study…………….…………………………….6
1.7 Significance of the study …………………………………..…....6
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction…………….…….....................................................8
2.2 Concept of Management…………..............................................8
2.3 Concept of Accommodation……...………….................................10
2.4 Concept of Hostel Accommodation………....................................10
2.5 Benefits of Students’ Hostel Accommodation in Education Institutions…....……..11
2.6 Problems associated with Student hostel accommodation in tertiary institutions.......12
2.7 Strategies for alleviating of Student Accommodation problems..............................14
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................18
3.2 Sources of Data Collection………....................................…………..18
3.3 Target Population….............................................................................19
3.4 Sampling Frame……….. .....................................................................19
3.5 Sampling Size………… ……................................................................19
3.6 Sampling Procedure……………..........................................................20
3.7 Method of Data Analysi.........................................................................20
3.8 Instrument for Data collection…………………….………………….20
3.9 The Study Area………...……...............................................................21
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................22
4.2 Preliminary Survey Details…...............................................................22
4.2.1 Distribution of Questionnaires ..........................................................22
4.3 Data Analysis……………………..……………………………………23
4.3.1 Respondents’ Opinion on availability of hostel facilities……………….23
4.3.2 Respondents opinion on condition of available hostel accomodation facilities…24
4.3.3 Respondents’ opinion on factors responsible for hostel accommodation problems.26
4.3.4 Respondents’ opinion on challenges faced in managing hostels………………………28
CHAPTER FIVE: FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Findings ...........................................................................................30
5.2 Conclusion .......................................................................................30
5.3 Recommendation .............................................................................31
REFERENCES ......................................................................................32
APPENDIX ………………………………………….......36
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
Hornby (2000) defined hostel as a building in which boarding and lodging are provided (with the support of the authorities concerned) for students, staff or workmen in training. The British English dictionary also refers to it as a lodging place with dormitory accommodation and shared facilities. It includes shared room (dormitory) accommodation that accepts individuals or group for short term stays and provide common areas and communal facilities.
Accommodation has to do with privacy, personal space and territoriality. Student accommodation can be seen as a place of abode for students; it is also a place where students live and it is usually situated within the College where students are accommodated in hostels or halls of residence (Ezeukwu, 1999). This hall of residence, apart from protecting students from sun, rain, heat and cold, represent a learning environment which has tremendous impact on the comfort, safety and performance of students. The essence is to enable students settle down and have a place of rest.
Alluding to this, Ozioko (1997) affirmed that adequate accommodation is one of the student’s personnel services that enhance the achievement of educational objectives or instruction in an educational institution. Furthermore, Onyegiri (2004), stated that the essence of hostels is to accommodate students and to encourage effective teaching and learning.
The problem of students’ accommodation started in 1973 when the Federal Government took over the existing tertiary institutions and even established new ones without giving serious consideration to the implications of such policy decision including the large student’s population it inherited from the take-over schools.
Lack of or inadequate living space among students is one of the causes of psychological difficulty, and the likely hood of disposition to aggression is high among students when they are not properly accommodated or when they are crowded. This is because when an environment is not conducive, it leads or results in aggressive behaviors emanating from such environment. (Ozioko, 1997).
This development force many students to live off-campus where they are exposed to all kinds of danger and threats. For those who are lucky to secure private accommodation within the campus, they are charged exorbitant rents and even at that, safe drinking water and access to affordable means of transportation are not assured. All of these constraints affect student’s academic achievement negatively. (Alumanah2001).
The problems arising from the above situation are enormous. For example, a room which is meant and structurally designed for two persons now accommodates four to six students. The implication is that other household facilities like water supply, electricity and toilets are over used because they are now serving more people than it was originally meant.
The importance of adequate hostel accommodation for students could imply that hostel accommodation should not only be adequately provided but should also be well managed. The authorities of institutions should not only be concerned with the planning and coordinating but also with the maintenance of student hostel accommodation. While lamenting on the ills associated with inadequate accommodation facilities in the Nigerian tertiary institution, Ezukwu (1999) observed that students frequently forfeit their academic work for a long period in search of accommodation. Most times, the students are reported to skip or miss lectures, examinations and laboratory practical as a result of problems emanating from inadequate accommodation. In addition, there are frequent cases of frustration, friction, conflict, and open confrontation among roommates in overcrowded student hostels, on usage of wardrobes, corner/spaces and other facilities in the room.
Today the student hostel accommodations are not only appears to be inadequate but some of the existing ones are dilapidated and constitute danger to the health of the students. For instance, the hostel accommodations in the Polytechnic are unconducive and deplorable and this affects the academic performance of students and their all-round development (Akuchie ,1998). According to Mboto (2000), today cracked, decaying walls, sagging roofs, blown-off roofs, and bushy surroundings are common phenomenon in schools.
The present situation is apparently affecting the student’s in many ways, and no strategies have been adopted so far to arrest the situation. This situation informs the researcher’s interest to investigate how best to handle the situation, that is management of student hostel accommodation challenges in the Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti using Lagos Female hostel as a case study.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Shelter is considered to be the next most important basic needs for human after food. A reconnaissance survey reveals most hostels of the institution are crowded, poorly built and not adequately provided with amenities. This poses a serious danger to the health of the students. Furthermore, there has been no improvement in the hostel facilities and building of new hostel despite increase in the intake of students every year.
If hostels are too crowded, poorly built and not adequately supplied with water, it can lead to epidemic or increased incidence of sickness and even death. Conversely good housing leads to good health and higher rate of academic participation. The consequence of this hostel accommodation problem in the campuses is that many students who are not accommodated in the hostel are now being charged exorbitant fees for accommodations outside the campuses. The most sympathetic thing is that many of these houses are in a very poor state of disrepair. Hardly does one find good water in such houses, let alone decent toilet system.
Therefore, the focus of this study is on the need to investigate students’ accommodation challenges in the Polytechnic and identify problems associated in managing the available hostel facilities as well as various management strategies used to curb the problems.
1.3 Research Questions
To guide this study, the following research questions were posed;
- What types of hostel accomodation is present in the study area?
- What facilities for hostel accommodation is available in the study area?
- What is the condition of hostel accomodation and facilites in the study area?
- What factors are responsible for hostel accomodation problems in the study area?
- What challenges are faced in managing hostel accomodation.
1.4 Aim and Objectives
The aim of this study is to examine the challenges in management of students’ hostel accommodation using Federal Polytechnic Ado- Ekiti Lagos female hostel as a case study with a view to suggest better ways of managing the hostels in order to enhance performance of students, and the objectives are To:
- examine the types of hostel accomodation in the study area.
- identify facilities available for hostel accomodation.
- examine condition of hostel accomodation
- examine the factors responsible for hostel accommodation problems in the study area.
- identify challenges faced in managing the hostel accomodation.
1.5 Scope of the Study
This study is carried out on hostels in Federal Polytechnic, Ado Ekiti with particular reference to Lagos Female Hostel. It focuses on the nature of student hostel accommodation problems, factors responsible for these problems, implications of these problems in academic performance of students, factor(s) responsible for poor maintenance of available hostel accommodation and finally, the management strategies on how to solve these problems, its impact on health, actions being taken by Students Affairs Department and Management Strategies that could be adopted by the Federal Polytechnic, Ado Ekiti.
1.6 Limitation of the Study
In terms of limitations, geographical limitation is encountered by limiting the study to Federal Polytechnic Ado- Ekiti alone without taking into cognisance other institutions of learning in the city. Also, locational limitation was encountered with the study being limited to Lagos Female hostel whilst ignoring Annex hostel and Abuja hostel which are also present in the institution.
1.7 Significance of the Study
It is expected that the finding of this study will be useful to the following: students, Students Affairs Department and the General Public. It is likely therefore that without the adequate provision of hostel accommodation in the polytechnic, higher education objectives will not be achieved and student’s overall development will not be attained.
Students will benefit from this work because it is the students who will enjoy improved services which will emanate from the result of this study. Since the findings of the study will help in developing strategies that would assist in designing administrative techniques that would go a long way in improving students accommodation in these colleges.
Also, this study would be of greater benefit and importance to the student Affairs department as it will help them identify what they have to provide in their various hostels.
Finally, this study will be of immense benefit to the general public in that they have the right to be informed on the problems of students’ hostel accommodation of which the government is soliciting their participation in addressing the situation. This is because when there is conducive atmosphere in the Polytechnic; the objectives of higher education, which is the production of higher level manpower, will be greatly achieved.
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CHALLENGES IN MANAGEMENT OF HOSTEL ACCOMMODATION. (A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC ADO-EKITI).docx
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CHALLENGES IN MANAGEMENT OF HOSTEL ACCOMMODATION. (A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC ADO-EKITI)
ABSTRACT
The study investigated the challenges in management of student hostel accomodation in the Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti. The population of the study comprised students of the institution that had accomodation in the hostels provided by the school and staff in charge of managing the hostel environment also known as “porters”.
The major findings showed that inadequate hostel accommodation, overcrowding, location of hostel very far from classroom area, inadequate supply of social amenities, inadequate toilets facilities, poor sanitation and dilapidated hostel building constitutes part of the challenges in managing students’ hostel accommodation problem in the Federal Polytechnic. Poor hostel accommodation have a negative implication on the academic performance of students.. Among the recommendation were school authority in collaboration with government should endeavour to build more hostel for students, school management and the government should endeavour to repair dilapidated hostel buildings, students have the responsibility of keeping the hostel clean.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page…………………………………………………………….i
Certification……………………………………………….....ii
Dedication ……………………….…………………….iii
Acknowledgment………...………..………..........iv
Abstract…………………………………….….....….. v
Table of Contents……………...……………………………..vi
List of Tables………………….…………………………….........x
List of Figures…………………………………………..xi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study .................................................................. 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem ..................................................................4
1.3 Research Questions ............................................................................5
1.4 Aims and Objective……..…………………..……………………….5
1.5 Scope of the Study……..................................................................6
1.6 Limitation of the study…………….…………………………….6
1.7 Significance of the study …………………………………..…....6
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction…………….…….....................................................8
2.2 Concept of Management…………..............................................8
2.3 Concept of Accommodation……...………….................................10
2.4 Concept of Hostel Accommodation………....................................10
2.5 Benefits of Students’ Hostel Accommodation in Education Institutions…....……..11
2.6 Problems associated with Student hostel accommodation in tertiary institutions.......12
2.7 Strategies for alleviating of Student Accommodation problems..............................14
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................18
3.2 Sources of Data Collection………....................................…………..18
3.3 Target Population….............................................................................19
3.4 Sampling Frame……….. .....................................................................19
3.5 Sampling Size………… ……................................................................19
3.6 Sampling Procedure……………..........................................................20
3.7 Method of Data Analysi.........................................................................20
3.8 Instrument for Data collection…………………….………………….20
3.9 The Study Area………...……...............................................................21
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................22
4.2 Preliminary Survey Details…...............................................................22
4.2.1 Distribution of Questionnaires ..........................................................22
4.3 Data Analysis……………………..……………………………………23
4.3.1 Respondents’ Opinion on availability of hostel facilities……………….23
4.3.2 Respondents opinion on condition of available hostel accomodation facilities…24
4.3.3 Respondents’ opinion on factors responsible for hostel accommodation problems.26
4.3.4 Respondents’ opinion on challenges faced in managing hostels………………………28
CHAPTER FIVE: FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Findings ...........................................................................................30
5.2 Conclusion .......................................................................................30
5.3 Recommendation .............................................................................31
REFERENCES ......................................................................................32
APPENDIX ………………………………………….......36
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
Hornby (2000) defined hostel as a building in which boarding and lodging are provided (with the support of the authorities concerned) for students, staff or workmen in training. The British English dictionary also refers to it as a lodging place with dormitory accommodation and shared facilities. It includes shared room (dormitory) accommodation that accepts individuals or group for short term stays and provide common areas and communal facilities.
Accommodation has to do with privacy, personal space and territoriality. Student accommodation can be seen as a place of abode for students; it is also a place where students live and it is usually situated within the College where students are accommodated in hostels or halls of residence (Ezeukwu, 1999). This hall of residence, apart from protecting students from sun, rain, heat and cold, represent a learning environment which has tremendous impact on the comfort, safety and performance of students. The essence is to enable students settle down and have a place of rest.
Alluding to this, Ozioko (1997) affirmed that adequate accommodation is one of the student’s personnel services that enhance the achievement of educational objectives or instruction in an educational institution. Furthermore, Onyegiri (2004), stated that the essence of hostels is to accommodate students and to encourage effective teaching and learning.
The problem of students’ accommodation started in 1973 when the Federal Government took over the existing tertiary institutions and even established new ones without giving serious consideration to the implications of such policy decision including the large student’s population it inherited from the take-over schools.
Lack of or inadequate living space among students is one of the causes of psychological difficulty, and the likely hood of disposition to aggression is high among students when they are not properly accommodated or when they are crowded. This is because when an environment is not conducive, it leads or results in aggressive behaviors emanating from such environment. (Ozioko, 1997).
This development force many students to live off-campus where they are exposed to all kinds of danger and threats. For those who are lucky to secure private accommodation within the campus, they are charged exorbitant rents and even at that, safe drinking water and access to affordable means of transportation are not assured. All of these constraints affect student’s academic achievement negatively. (Alumanah2001).
The problems arising from the above situation are enormous. For example, a room which is meant and structurally designed for two persons now accommodates four to six students. The implication is that other household facilities like water supply, electricity and toilets are over used because they are now serving more people than it was originally meant.
The importance of adequate hostel accommodation for students could imply that hostel accommodation should not only be adequately provided but should also be well managed. The authorities of institutions should not only be concerned with the planning and coordinating but also with the maintenance of student hostel accommodation. While lamenting on the ills associated with inadequate accommodation facilities in the Nigerian tertiary institution, Ezukwu (1999) observed that students frequently forfeit their academic work for a long period in search of accommodation. Most times, the students are reported to skip or miss lectures, examinations and laboratory practical as a result of problems emanating from inadequate accommodation. In addition, there are frequent cases of frustration, friction, conflict, and open confrontation among roommates in overcrowded student hostels, on usage of wardrobes, corner/spaces and other facilities in the room.
Today the student hostel accommodations are not only appears to be inadequate but some of the existing ones are dilapidated and constitute danger to the health of the students. For instance, the hostel accommodations in the Polytechnic are unconducive and deplorable and this affects the academic performance of students and their all-round development (Akuchie ,1998). According to Mboto (2000), today cracked, decaying walls, sagging roofs, blown-off roofs, and bushy surroundings are common phenomenon in schools.
The present situation is apparently affecting the student’s in many ways, and no strategies have been adopted so far to arrest the situation. This situation informs the researcher’s interest to investigate how best to handle the situation, that is management of student hostel accommodation challenges in the Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti using Lagos Female hostel as a case study.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Shelter is considered to be the next most important basic needs for human after food. A reconnaissance survey reveals most hostels of the institution are crowded, poorly built and not adequately provided with amenities. This poses a serious danger to the health of the students. Furthermore, there has been no improvement in the hostel facilities and building of new hostel despite increase in the intake of students every year.
If hostels are too crowded, poorly built and not adequately supplied with water, it can lead to epidemic or increased incidence of sickness and even death. Conversely good housing leads to good health and higher rate of academic participation. The consequence of this hostel accommodation problem in the campuses is that many students who are not accommodated in the hostel are now being charged exorbitant fees for accommodations outside the campuses. The most sympathetic thing is that many of these houses are in a very poor state of disrepair. Hardly does one find good water in such houses, let alone decent toilet system.
Therefore, the focus of this study is on the need to investigate students’ accommodation challenges in the Polytechnic and identify problems associated in managing the available hostel facilities as well as various management strategies used to curb the problems.
1.3 Research Questions
To guide this study, the following research questions were posed;
1.4 Aim and Objectives
The aim of this study is to examine the challenges in management of students’ hostel accommodation using Federal Polytechnic Ado- Ekiti Lagos female hostel as a case study with a view to suggest better ways of managing the hostels in order to enhance performance of students, and the objectives are To:
1.5 Scope of the Study
This study is carried out on hostels in Federal Polytechnic, Ado Ekiti with particular reference to Lagos Female Hostel. It focuses on the nature of student hostel accommodation problems, factors responsible for these problems, implications of these problems in academic performance of students, factor(s) responsible for poor maintenance of available hostel accommodation and finally, the management strategies on how to solve these problems, its impact on health, actions being taken by Students Affairs Department and Management Strategies that could be adopted by the Federal Polytechnic, Ado Ekiti.
1.6 Limitation of the Study
In terms of limitations, geographical limitation is encountered by limiting the study to Federal Polytechnic Ado- Ekiti alone without taking into cognisance other institutions of learning in the city. Also, locational limitation was encountered with the study being limited to Lagos Female hostel whilst ignoring Annex hostel and Abuja hostel which are also present in the institution.
1.7 Significance of the Study
It is expected that the finding of this study will be useful to the following: students, Students Affairs Department and the General Public. It is likely therefore that without the adequate provision of hostel accommodation in the polytechnic, higher education objectives will not be achieved and student’s overall development will not be attained.
Students will benefit from this work because it is the students who will enjoy improved services which will emanate from the result of this study. Since the findings of the study will help in developing strategies that would assist in designing administrative techniques that would go a long way in improving students accommodation in these colleges.
Also, this study would be of greater benefit and importance to the student Affairs department as it will help them identify what they have to provide in their various hostels.
Finally, this study will be of immense benefit to the general public in that they have the right to be informed on the problems of students’ hostel accommodation of which the government is soliciting their participation in addressing the situation. This is because when there is conducive atmosphere in the Polytechnic; the objectives of higher education, which is the production of higher level manpower, will be greatly achieved.
Attached Files
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